Kazakhstan

The Land of Steppes
and Eternal Horizons

Flag of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, the largest country in Central Asia, is known for its vast steppes, towering mountains, and rich nomadic heritage. Its capital, Astana (now Nur-Sultan), showcases futuristic architecture, while Almaty, the cultural hub, sits near snow-capped mountains.

Kazakhstan's culture is deeply rooted in traditions of horseback riding, falconry, and hospitality. The cuisine reflects this nomadic past, with dishes like beshbarmak (boiled meat with noodles) and kymyz (fermented mare's milk). With its diverse landscapes ranging from deserts to alpine regions, Kazakhstan offers a unique blend of modernity and ancient traditions.

Travel Documents
Toll
Currency
Laws
Safety
Flights
Travel Documents

Travel Documents: What You Need to Know

Passport Requirements

  • Non-CIS citizens: A valid passport is generally required for entry into Kazakhstan.
  • Passport validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned stay in Kazakhstan.

Visa Requirements

  • Visa-exempt countries: Citizens from these nations can enter Kazakhstan with a valid passport and stay for up to 30 days within a 180-day period without a visa.
  • Visa-required countries: Travelers from these nations must possess a valid passport and obtain a visa prior to entering Kazakhstan.

Special Entry Provisions

  • Holders of valid, multiple-entry Schengen visas (previously used in a Schengen state) can enter Kazakhstan without an additional visa.
  • Citizens with valid, multiple-entry US or UK visas (previously used in the issuing country) can enter without a Kazakh visa.
  • Holders of valid residence permits from Schengen states, the US, or the UK can enter without a visa.

ID Card Entry The following citizens can enter Kazakhstan using only a valid national ID card:

  • CIS member states (e.g., Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan)

Visa Types

  • Type "C" Visa: Allows entry and stay for 30 days within 180 days. Can be single, double, or multiple entry, with validity up to 5 years.
  • Type "D" Visa: For stays longer than 30 days within 180 days. Valid for one year with a 90-day stay period, allowing application for a residence permit.

Important Links

Additional Considerations

  • Length of stay: Visa-free stays are typically limited to 30 days within a 180-day period.
  • Purpose of visit: Different rules may apply for work, study, or long-term stays.
  • COVID-19 measures: Always check for current health-related entry requirements or restrictions.
Toll

Driving in Kazakhstan

Current Toll Roads

As of 2025, the main toll roads in Kazakhstan are:

  • The Astana-Shymkent Highway: Connecting the capital to the southern region.
  • The Western Europe-Western China Highway: A major international transit route.

Toll Rates and Payment Toll rates vary based on vehicle type and distance traveled. For the most current rates, visit the official Kazakh Road Authority website: https://www.kazavtodor.kz/

Payment Methods:

  • Cash: Kazakh Tenge (KZT) is accepted at all toll booths.
  • Credit/Debit Cards: Major cards are accepted at most toll booths.
  • Electronic Toll Collection: An e-toll system is being implemented. Check https://egov.kz/ for updates.

Driving in Kazakhstan

  • Drive on the right side of the road.
  • Seat belts are mandatory for all vehicle occupants.
  • Speed limits:
    • Urban areas: 60 km/h
    • Rural roads: 90 km/h
    • Highways: 110 km/h
  • Road conditions vary; exercise caution, especially on rural roads.
  • International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended alongside your national driver's license.

Important Considerations

  • Vignette System: Kazakhstan is considering implementing a vignette system for road use. Check https://www.kazavtodor.kz/ for the latest information.
  • Road Safety: Kazakhstan has been improving road safety, but remain vigilant, especially at night or in remote areas.
  • GPS and Maps: While GPS is generally reliable, keep an updated physical map as a backup.
  • Emergency Number: Dial 112 for emergencies.

Useful Links

Currency

Kazakhstan Currency

The official currency of Kazakhstan is the Kazakh Tenge (KZT).

Key Information

  • Banknotes: 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, and 20000 Tenge
  • Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Tenge
  • Symbol: ₸

Currency Exchange

  • Exchange services available at banks, airports, and major hotels
  • ATMs widely available in urban areas for direct Tenge withdrawals

Payment Methods

  • Cash is preferred, especially in rural areas
  • Credit/debit cards accepted in cities, hotels, and larger establishments

Travel Tips

  • Inform your bank of travel plans
  • Carry some cash for small purchases and rural areas
  • Check for currency conversion fees when using cards

For current exchange rates, visit the National Bank of Kazakhstan website: https://nationalbank.kz/

Laws

Legal Essentials for Traveling in Kazakhstan

Understanding local laws and regulations is crucial for a safe and compliant visit. Below are key legal considerations for travelers in Kazakhstan, updated as of 2025.

Local Laws & Restrictions

  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking, including lengthy prison sentences. Even small quantities can lead to criminal charges.
  • Alcohol & Smoking:
    • Public intoxication is frowned upon.
    • Smoking banned in indoor public spaces
  • Cultural Sensitivities: Avoid discussing sensitive political topics, such as relations with Russia or China.
  • LGBTIQ+ Rights: Same-sex relationships are legal, but same-sex marriage is not recognized. Public displays of affection may attract unwanted attention.
  • Photography: Restricted near military sites or critical infrastructure. Always ask permission for portraits of locals.

Duty-Free Limits:

  • Alcohol: 1L spirits | Tobacco: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars.
  • Cash: Declare amounts over €10,000 (or equivalent).

Prohibited Items:

  • Narcotics, weapons, endangered species products.
  • Counterfeit goods (may face fines or confiscation).

Luggage Issues:

  • Report lost/damaged luggage within 21 days via a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport.

Complaints:

  • Submit grievances to the Tourism Office Inspectorate or Customer Protection Commission.

Beach Access:

  • Public beaches must allow free access within 2.5 meters of the shoreline. Wheelchair access is legally mandated.

Key Resources

Safety

Kazakhstan Travel Safety

Kazakhstan is generally safe for travelers, with low crime rates and a reputation for hospitality. However, travelers should remain aware of health precautions, road safety, and emergency protocols. Below is a concise guide to staying safe and healthy in Kazakhstan.

Safety Overview

  • Crime: Petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing) is rare but possible in crowded areas like markets or public transport. Violent crime against tourists is extremely uncommon.
  • Solo/Female Travelers: Kazakhstan is considered safe, with locals often going out of their way to assist visitors. Avoid isolated areas at night.
  • Road Safety:
    • Driving can be challenging due to aggressive drivers and poor rural road conditions.
    • Avoid night driving in remote areas.
    • Seat belts and helmets (for motorbikes) are mandatory.

Health Risks

  1. Food/Water Safety:
    • Avoid tap water; drink bottled water.
    • Practice safe eating habits to prevent travelers' diarrhea.
  2. Vaccinations:
    • Recommended: Hepatitis A, tetanus, COVID-19, and rabies (for long-term stays).
    • Yellow Fever: Required only if arriving from a risk country.
  3. Insect-Borne Diseases:
    • Use insect repellent to guard against West Nile virus and tick-borne illnesses.
  4. Altitude Sickness:
    • Risk exists in areas above 2,500 meters. Ascend gradually and stay hydrated.

Medical Facilities

  • Hospitals: Private facilities like Medeu Clinic and Interteach Hospital in Almaty offer higher standards. Rural areas often lack advanced care.
  • Pharmacies: Available in cities but carry essential medications.
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes medical evacuation.

Emergency Contacts

  • General Emergency: 112 (works for police, ambulance, and fire).
  • Ambulance: 103 | Fire: 101 | Police: 102.
  • Tourist Police (Almaty): +7 727 291 1111.

Travel Tips

  • Roads: Rent a 4x4 for rural/mountainous areas. Check insurance coverage for rentals.
  • Hiking: Use local guides for remote trails (e.g., Charyn Canyon).
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Avoid discussing sensitive political topics.
  • Air Quality: Pollution can be high in Almaty; monitor via the World Air Quality Index.

Key Links

Flights

Flying to Kazakhstan

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