Russia

The Land of Vastness
and Heritage

Flag of Russia

Russia, the largest country in the world, spans Eastern Europe and northern Asia, offering vast and diverse landscapes, from the tundras of Siberia to the bustling cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Moscow, the capital, is known for landmarks like the Kremlin and Red Square, while Saint Petersburg showcases imperial architecture like the Winter Palace.

Russia's rich cultural heritage includes world-renowned literature, ballet, and classical music. The cuisine features hearty dishes like borscht (beet soup) and pelmeni (dumplings). With its immense history, diverse culture, and striking natural beauty, Russia is a country of epic scale and intrigue.

Travel Documents
Toll
Currency
Laws
Safety
Flights
Travel Documents

Travel Documents: What You Need to Know

Passport Requirements

  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: A valid passport is generally required for entry into Russia.
  • Passport validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned stay in Russia.

Visa Requirements

  • Visa-exempt countries: Citizens from these nations can enter Russia with a valid passport and stay for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa (e.g., limited to a few countries like Belarus, Kazakhstan, and some CIS states).
  • Visa-required countries: Travelers from these nations must possess a valid passport and obtain a visa prior to entering Russia (e.g., US, Canada, EU countries, UK, Australia).

Special Entry Provisions

  • Holders of valid, multiple-entry Schengen visas (previously used in a Schengen state) cannot enter Russia without a separate Russian visa.
  • Citizens with valid, multiple-entry US or UK visas (previously used in the issuing country) cannot enter Russia without a separate Russian visa.
  • Holders of valid residence permits from Schengen states, the US, or the UK cannot enter Russia without a visa unless from visa-exempt countries.

ID Card Entry
The following citizens can enter Russia using only a valid national ID card:

  • None; a passport and visa are required for almost all foreign nationals (exceptions for certain CIS countries with bilateral agreements).

Visa Types

  • Type "C" Visa: Allows entry and stay for 90 days within 180 days. Can be single, double, or multiple entry, with validity up to 5 years (tourist or business visa).
  • Type "D" Visa: For stays longer than 90 days within 180 days. Valid for one year with a 90-day stay period, allowing application for a residence permit (e.g., work or study visa).

Important Links

Additional Considerations

  • Length of stay: Visa-free stays are typically limited to 90 days within a 180-day period for exempt countries; most visitors require a visa with specific duration.
  • Purpose of visit: Different rules may apply for work, study, or long-term stays; registration with local authorities is mandatory within 7 days of arrival.
  • COVID-19 measures: Always check for current health-related entry requirements or restrictions via https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/.
Toll

Driving in Russia

Current Toll Roads
As of 2025, the main toll road in Russia is:

  • The Rruga e Kombit equivalent: The M-4 Don (Moscow to Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar), M-11 Neva (Moscow to St. Petersburg), and various urban toll sections (e.g., Western High-Speed Diameter in St. Petersburg).

Toll Rates and Payment

  • Toll rates vary based on vehicle type and distance traveled. For the most current rates, visit the official Russian Road Authority website: https://www.russianhighways.ru/.
  • Payment Methods:
    • Cash: Russian Rubles (RUB) are accepted at some toll booths.
    • Credit/Debit Cards: Major cards are accepted at most toll booths.
    • Electronic Toll Collection: The Platon system (for trucks) and Transponder T-Pass (for cars) are used; check https://platon.ru/ or https://avtodor-tr.ru/.

Driving in Russia

  • Drive on the right side of the road.
  • Seat belts are mandatory for all vehicle occupants.
  • Speed limits:
    • Urban areas: 60 km/h
    • Rural roads: 90 km/h
    • Highways: 110 km/h
  • Road conditions vary; exercise caution, especially on rural roads.
  • International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended alongside your national driver’s license.

Important Considerations

  • Vignette System: Russia does not use a vignette system for passenger cars; tolls are per-use or via electronic systems. Check https://www.russianhighways.ru/ for updates.
  • Road Safety: Russia has been improving road safety, but remain vigilant, especially at night or in winter conditions.
  • GPS and Maps: While GPS is generally reliable, keep an updated physical map as a backup.
  • Emergency Number: Dial 112 for emergencies.

Useful Links

Currency

Russia Currency

The official currency of Russia is the Russian Ruble (RUB).

Key Information

  • Banknotes: 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 Rubles
  • Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10 Rubles; 10, 50 kopeks
  • Symbol: ₽ (sometimes written as RUB)

Currency Exchange

  • Exchange services available at banks, airports, and major hotels.
  • ATMs widely available in urban areas for direct Ruble withdrawals.

Payment Methods

  • Cash is preferred, especially in rural areas.
  • Credit/debit cards accepted in cities, hotels, and larger establishments.

Travel Tips

  • Inform your bank of travel plans.
  • Carry some cash for small purchases and rural areas.
  • Check for currency conversion fees when using cards.
  • For current exchange rates, visit the Bank of Russia website: https://www.cbr.ru/.
Laws

Legal Essentials for Traveling in Russia

Understanding local laws and regulations is crucial for a safe and compliant visit. Below are key legal considerations for travellers in Russia, updated as of 2025.

Local Laws & Restrictions

  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking, including lengthy prison sentences. Even small quantities can lead to criminal charges.
  • Alcohol & Smoking:
    • Public intoxication is frowned upon.
    • Smoking banned in indoor public spaces.
  • Cultural Sensitivities: Avoid discussing politics, especially Ukraine or government criticism, unless invited.
  • LGBTIQ+ Rights: Same-sex relationships are legal, but "propaganda" laws restrict public expression; same-sex marriage is not recognized. Public displays of affection may attract unwanted attention.
  • Photography: Restricted near military sites or critical infrastructure. Always ask permission for portraits of locals.

Duty-Free Limits

  • Alcohol: 1L spirits | Tobacco: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars.
  • Cash: Declare amounts over $10,000 (or equivalent).

Prohibited Items

  • Narcotics, weapons, endangered species products.
  • Counterfeit goods (may face fines or confiscation).

Luggage Issues

  • Report lost/damaged luggage within 21 days via a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport.

Complaints

Beach Access

  • Public beaches must allow free access within 2.5 meters of the shoreline. Wheelchair access is legally mandated where applicable.

Key Resources

Safety

Russia Travel Safety

Russia is generally safe for travellers, with varying crime rates and a reputation for hospitality. However, travellers should remain aware of health precautions, road safety, and emergency protocols. Below is a concise guide to staying safe and healthy in Russia.

Safety Overview

  • Crime: Petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing) is rare but possible in crowded areas like markets or public transport in Moscow or St. Petersburg. Violent crime against tourists is extremely uncommon.
  • Solo/Female Travelers: Russia is considered safe, with locals often going out of their way to assist visitors. Avoid isolated areas at night.
  • Road Safety:
    • Driving can be challenging due to aggressive drivers and poor rural road conditions.
    • Avoid night driving in mountainous or snowy areas.
    • Seat belts and helmets (for motorbikes) are mandatory.

Health Risks

  • Food/Water Safety:
    • Avoid tap water; drink bottled water.
    • Practice safe eating habits to prevent travellers’ diarrhea.
  • Vaccinations:
    • Recommended: Hepatitis A, tetanus, COVID-19, and rabies (for long-term stays).
    • Yellow Fever: Required only if arriving from a risk country.
  • Insect-Borne Diseases:
    • Use insect repellent to guard against West Nile virus and tick-borne illnesses (e.g., encephalitis in Siberia).
  • Altitude Sickness:
    • Risk exists in areas above 2,500 meters (e.g., Caucasus Mountains). Ascend gradually and stay hydrated.

Medical Facilities

  • Hospitals: Private facilities like European Medical Center in Moscow or American Medical Clinic in St. Petersburg offer higher standards. Rural areas often lack advanced care.
  • Pharmacies: Available in cities but carry essential medications.
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes medical evacuation.

Emergency Contacts

  • General Emergency: 112 (works for police, ambulance, and fire).
  • Ambulance: 103 | Fire: 101 | Police: 102.
  • Tourist Police (Moscow): +7 495 623 97 77.

Travel Tips

  • Roads: Rent a 4x4 for rural/mountainous areas. Check insurance coverage for rentals.
  • Hiking: Use local guides for remote trails (e.g., Altai Mountains).
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Avoid discussing politics or displaying controversial symbols.
  • Air Quality: Pollution can be high in Moscow; monitor via the World Air Quality Index: https://www.waqi.info/.

Key Links

Flights

Flying to Russia

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