Nepal

The Land of Everest
and Enlightenment

Flag of Nepal

Nepal, a landlocked country in South Asia, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and diverse landscapes. Home to iconic landmarks like Mount Everest, the ancient city of Kathmandu, and the birthplace of Buddha in Lumbini, Nepal offers a wealth of experiences for visitors. The country's geography ranges from the lowland Terai plains to the towering peaks of the Himalayas, with eight of the world's ten highest mountains within its borders. Nepalese culture is a vibrant mix of Hindu and Buddhist traditions, reflected in its colorful festivals, intricate temples, and warm hospitality.

The cuisine features flavorful dishes like dal bhat (lentils and rice), momos (dumplings), and sel roti (sweet bread). Known for its trekking routes, wildlife reserves, and spiritual sites, Nepal presents a captivating destination for adventure seekers and culture enthusiasts alike.

Travel Documents

Documents

Toll

Driving

Currency

Laws

Legal

Safety

Flights

Travel Documents

Travel Documents: What You Need to Know

Passport Requirements

  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: A valid passport is generally required for entry into Nepal.
  • Passport validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned stay in Nepal.

Visa Requirements

  • Visa-exempt countries: Citizens from a few nations (e.g., India, Bhutan) can enter Nepal with a valid passport or equivalent identity document and stay indefinitely without a visa under specific bilateral agreements.
  • Visa-required countries: Travelers from most other nations must possess a valid passport and obtain a visa prior to entering Nepal, though many nationalities (e.g., US, Canada, EU countries, Australia) are eligible for a Visa on Arrival (VoA) at major entry points like Tribhuvan International Airport or land borders.

Special Entry Provisions

  • Holders of valid, multiple-entry Schengen visas (previously used in a Schengen state) do not automatically qualify for visa-free entry; a Nepalese visa is required unless the traveler’s nationality is visa-exempt.
  • Citizens with valid, multiple-entry US or UK visas (previously used in the issuing country) do not automatically qualify for visa-free entry; a Nepalese visa is required unless visa-exempt, but they may be eligible for a Visa on Arrival.
  • Holders of valid residence permits from Schengen states, the US, or the UK do not qualify for visa-free entry; a Nepalese visa is required unless visa-exempt.
  • ID Card Entry: Only citizens of India and Bhutan can enter Nepal using a valid national ID card or equivalent document (e.g., Indian Voter ID) in lieu of a passport under bilateral agreements.

Visa Types

  • Type "C" Visa: Allows entry and stay for up to 90 days (tourist visa, often issued as Visa on Arrival or e-Visa). Can be multiple-entry, with validity up to 6 months; extendable for another 30 days with approval from the Department of Immigration.
  • Type "D" Visa: For stays longer than 90 days (e.g., work, study, or family visa). Valid for one year with a 90-day stay period, allowing application for a residence permit with approval from the Department of Immigration.

Important Links

Additional Considerations

  • Length of stay: Visa-free stays for Indian and Bhutanese nationals are indefinite. Visa on Arrival allows a 15, 30, or 90-day stay (depending on nationality and fee), extendable with approval.
  • Purpose of visit: Different rules apply for work, study, or long-term stays; work visas require sponsorship. Travel to certain areas (e.g., Upper Mustang, Dolpa) may require special trekking permits due to restricted zones.
  • COVID-19 measures: Always check for current health-related entry requirements or restrictions, as Nepal may reintroduce measures like mandatory health declarations or vaccination proof.
Toll

Driving in Nepal

Current Toll Roads

  • As of 2025, Nepal has limited toll roads. The primary toll road is:
    • Prithvi Highway (Kathmandu-Pokhara): A key route with toll booths at certain sections (e.g., near Mugling).

Toll Rates and Payment

  • Toll rates vary based on vehicle type and distance traveled. For example, a standard car may pay approximately NPR 50-200 (Nepalese Rupee) per toll booth on the Prithvi Highway. For the most current rates, visit the Department of Roads website: https://dor.gov.np/
  • Payment Methods:
    • Cash: Nepalese Rupee (NPR) is accepted at all toll booths.
    • Credit/Debit Cards: Not accepted; toll booths are cash-only.
    • Electronic Toll Collection: No e-toll system is currently implemented; payment is manual at toll booths.

Driving in Nepal

  • Drive on the left side of the road.
  • Seat belts are mandatory for front-seat occupants, though enforcement is inconsistent.
  • Speed limits:
    • Urban areas: 40 km/h
    • Rural roads: 50-80 km/h
    • Highways: 80-100 km/h (e.g., Prithvi Highway)
  • Road conditions vary; major roads like the Prithvi Highway are paved but can be narrow or damaged, while rural roads (e.g., in the Himalayas or Terai region) are often unpaved, muddy during the monsoon season (June-September), or blocked by landslides.
  • International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended alongside your national driver’s license, valid for up to 1 year. A Nepalese license is required for longer stays.

Important Considerations

  • Vignette System: Nepal does not use a vignette system; tolls are collected at specific points on highways.
  • Road Safety: Driving can be challenging due to aggressive drivers, poor road conditions, and frequent landslides during the monsoon season. Night driving is risky due to poor lighting and hazards, especially in mountainous areas.
  • GPS and Maps: GPS is reliable in urban areas (e.g., Kathmandu, Pokhara), but connectivity can be spotty in rural regions; use apps like Maps.me (works offline) and keep an updated physical map as a backup.
  • Emergency Number: Dial 100 for police, 102 for ambulance, or 101 for fire.

Useful Links

Nepal Currency

The official currency of Nepal is the Nepalese Rupee (NPR).

Key Information

  • Banknotes: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,000 NPR
  • Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10 NPR
  • Symbol: ₨ (often written as NPR)

Currency Exchange

  • Exchange services are available at banks, airports (e.g., Tribhuvan International Airport), and authorized money changers in major cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara.
  • ATMs are widely available in urban areas for direct NPR withdrawals; most accept international cards, though USD cash is recommended for exchange in rural areas.

Payment Methods

  • Cash is preferred, especially in rural areas and small establishments.
  • Credit/debit cards are accepted in cities, hotels, and larger establishments in Kathmandu and Pokhara, but rarely in rural areas or smaller towns.

Travel Tips

  • Inform your bank of travel plans to avoid card issues.
  • Carry some cash (NPR or USD) for small purchases and rural areas, as digital payments are not universal in remote regions.
  • Check for currency conversion fees when using cards; the NPR fluctuates against major currencies (e.g., 1 USD ≈ 133 NPR as of early 2025).
  • For current exchange rates, visit the Nepal Rastra Bank website: https://www.nrb.org.np/
Laws

Legal Essentials for Traveling in Nepal

Understanding local laws and regulations is crucial for a safe and compliant visit. Below are key legal considerations for travellers in Nepal, updated as of 2025.

Local Laws & Restrictions

  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking, including lengthy prison sentences. Even small quantities can lead to criminal charges.
  • Alcohol & Smoking:
    • Alcohol consumption is permitted (legal drinking age is 19); public intoxication can lead to fines, especially near religious sites.
    • Smoking is banned in indoor public spaces and on public transport; enforcement varies in rural areas.
  • Cultural Sensitivities: Respect Hindu and Buddhist traditions; dress modestly at temples (e.g., Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu) and avoid touching sacred objects. Avoid discussing politics (e.g., monarchy debates) due to sensitivities.
  • LGBTIQ+ Rights: Same-sex relationships are legal, but same-sex marriage is not recognized. Public displays of affection may attract unwanted attention, especially in rural areas.
  • Photography: Restricted near military sites, government buildings, and some religious sites (e.g., inside Boudhanath Stupa). Always ask permission for portraits of locals, especially monks or during festivals.

Duty-Free Limits

  • Alcohol: 1L spirits.
  • Tobacco: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars.
  • Cash: Declare amounts over USD 5,000 (or equivalent).

Prohibited Items

  • Narcotics, weapons, and materials deemed anti-government or offensive to Nepalese culture.
  • Counterfeit goods may face fines or confiscation.

Luggage Issues

  • Report lost/damaged luggage within 21 days via a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport (e.g., Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu).

Complaints

  • Submit grievances to the Nepal Tourism Board or local authorities.

Beach Access

  • Not applicable; Nepal is landlocked with no public beaches, though rivers like the Trishuli have public access points with free access within 5 meters of the waterline.

Key Resources

Nepal Travel Safety

Nepal is generally safe for travellers, with low crime rates and a reputation for hospitality, though remote areas pose risks due to terrain and weather. Travellers should remain aware of health precautions, road safety, and emergency protocols. Below is a concise guide to staying safe and healthy in Nepal.

Safety Overview

  • Crime: Petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing) is possible in crowded areas like markets (e.g., Asan Market in Kathmandu) or tourist sites (e.g., Durbar Square). Violent crime against tourists is uncommon but can occur in urban centers at night.
  • Solo/Female Travelers: Nepal is considered safe, with locals often eager to assist. Female travelers should dress modestly, avoid isolated areas at night, and be cautious of harassment in Kathmandu or tourist hubs.
  • Road Safety:
    • Driving can be challenging due to aggressive drivers, poor road conditions, and frequent landslides during the monsoon season (June-September).
    • Avoid night driving in rural areas (e.g., Himalayan regions) due to poor lighting and hazards like rockfalls.
    • Seat belts and helmets (for motorbikes) are mandatory but enforcement is lax.

Health Risks

  • Food/Water Safety:
    • Avoid tap water; drink bottled or boiled water.
    • Practice safe eating habits to prevent travellers’ diarrhea; street food (e.g., momo, dal bhat) can be risky if not freshly prepared.
  • Vaccinations:
    • Recommended: Hepatitis A, typhoid, tetanus, COVID-19, and rabies (for rural travel).
    • Yellow Fever: Required if arriving from a risk country.
  • Insect-Borne Diseases: Use insect repellent to guard against malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis, especially in rural areas and during the monsoon season (June-September).
  • Altitude Sickness: Risk exists in areas above 2,500 meters (e.g., Annapurna Circuit, Everest Base Camp at 5,364m). Ascend gradually and stay hydrated.

Medical Facilities

  • Hospitals: Basic care is available in Kathmandu (e.g., CIWEC Hospital); rural areas have limited medical services. Serious cases may require evacuation to Kathmandu or abroad.
  • Pharmacies: Available in cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara; carry essential medications for rural travel.
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes medical evacuation, as rural care is limited.

Emergency Contacts

  • General Emergency: 100 (police), 102 (ambulance), 101 (fire).
  • Ambulance: 102 | Fire: 101 | Police: 100.
  • Tourist Police (Kathmandu): +977 1 424 7041.

Travel Tips

  • Roads: Rent a 4x4 for rural/mountainous areas (e.g., Annapurna region); check insurance coverage for rentals. Hiring a local driver is often safer.
  • Hiking: Use local guides for treks in areas like Everest Base Camp or Langtang Valley; altitude, weather, and terrain pose risks, especially during the monsoon.
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Respect Hindu and Buddhist customs; remove shoes when entering temples, and avoid pointing with your feet. Avoid discussing sensitive political topics.
  • Air Quality: Pollution can be high in Kathmandu; monitor via the World Air Quality Index.

Key Links

Flying to Nepal

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