Turkey

The Land of Empires
and Timeless Wonders

Flag of Turkey

Turkey, straddling both Europe and Asia, is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes. Its vibrant city of Istanbul, once Constantinople, is famed for landmarks like the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and bustling bazaars.

Turkey’s landscapes range from the pristine beaches of the Aegean and Mediterranean to the unique rock formations of Cappadocia and the mountains of eastern Anatolia. The culture reflects a mix of Ottoman, Byzantine, and modern influences, seen in its architecture, music, and arts. Turkish cuisine is world-renowned, with dishes like kebabs, baklava, and meze. Turkey offers a dynamic blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.

Travel Documents

Documents

Toll

Driving

Currency

Laws

Legal

Safety

Flights

Travel Documents

Travel Documents: What You Need to Know

Passport Requirements

  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: A valid passport is generally required for entry into Turkey.
  • Passport validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 3 months beyond your planned stay in Turkey.

Visa Requirements

  • Visa-exempt countries: Citizens from these nations can enter Turkey with a valid passport and stay for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa (e.g., EU countries, US, Canada, UK—varies by nationality; check specific agreements).
  • Visa-required countries: Travelers from these nations must possess a valid passport and obtain a visa prior to entering Turkey (e.g., India, China, unless e-Visa eligible).

Special Entry Provisions

  • Holders of valid, multiple-entry Schengen visas (previously used in a Schengen state) can enter Turkey without an additional visa if from visa-exempt countries or under bilateral agreements.
  • Citizens with valid, multiple-entry US or UK visas (previously used in the issuing country) can enter without a Turkish visa if from visa-exempt countries or under bilateral agreements.
  • Holders of valid residence permits from Schengen states, the US, or the UK can enter without a visa if from visa-exempt countries or under specific agreements.

ID Card Entry
The following citizens can enter Turkey using only a valid national ID card:

  • European Union (EU) member states (select countries with agreements, e.g., Germany)
  • European Economic Area (EEA) countries (limited cases)
  • Switzerland (limited cases)
  • Turkey (N/A for entry)
  • Montenegro
  • Serbia
  • North Macedonia
  • Kosovo
  • Georgia

Visa Types

  • Type "C" Visa: Allows entry and stay for 90 days within 180 days. Can be single, double, or multiple entry, with validity up to 5 years.
  • Type "D" Visa: For stays longer than 90 days within 180 days. Valid for one year with a 90-day stay period, allowing application for a residence permit.

Important Links

Additional Considerations

  • Length of stay: Visa-free stays are typically limited to 90 days within a 180-day period.
  • Purpose of visit: Different rules may apply for work, study, or long-term stays.
  • COVID-19 measures: Always check for current health-related entry requirements or restrictions.
Toll

Driving in Turkey

Current Toll Roads
As of 2025, the main toll road in Turkey is:

  • The Rruga e Kombit equivalent: The O-4 (Istanbul to Ankara) and O-5 (Istanbul to Izmir), plus toll bridges like the Bosphorus and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridges in Istanbul.

Toll Rates and Payment
Toll rates vary based on vehicle type and distance traveled. For the most current rates, visit the official Turkish Road Authority website: https://www.kgm.gov.tr/.

  • Payment Methods:
    • Cash: Turkish Lira (TRY) is accepted at all toll booths.
    • Credit/Debit Cards: Major cards are accepted at most toll booths.
    • Electronic Toll Collection: An e-toll system (HGS) is being implemented. Check https://www.hgs.gov.tr/ for updates.

Driving in Turkey

  • Drive on the right side of the road.
  • Seat belts are mandatory for all vehicle occupants.
  • Speed limits:
    • Urban areas: 50 km/h
    • Rural roads: 90 km/h
    • Highways: 120 km/h
  • Road conditions vary; exercise caution, especially on rural roads.
  • International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended alongside your national driver’s license.

Important Considerations

  • Vignette System: Turkey is considering implementing a vignette system for road use. Check https://www.kgm.gov.tr/ for the latest information.
  • Road Safety: Turkey has been improving road safety, but remain vigilant, especially at night or in mountainous areas.
  • GPS and Maps: While GPS is generally reliable, keep an updated physical map as a backup.
  • Emergency Number: Dial 112 for emergencies.

Useful Links

Turkey Currency

The official currency of Turkey is the Turkish Lira (TRY).

Key Information

  • Banknotes: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 Lira
  • Coins: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 kuruş; 1 Lira
  • Symbol: ₺ (sometimes written as TRY)

Currency Exchange

  • Exchange services available at banks, airports, and major hotels.
  • ATMs widely available in urban areas for direct Lira withdrawals.

Payment Methods

  • Cash is preferred, especially in rural areas.
  • Credit/debit cards accepted in cities, hotels, and larger establishments.

Travel Tips

  • Inform your bank of travel plans.
  • Carry some cash for small purchases and rural areas.
  • Check for currency conversion fees when using cards.
  • For current exchange rates, visit the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey website: https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/.
Laws

Legal Essentials for Traveling in Turkey

Understanding local laws and regulations is crucial for a safe and compliant visit. Below are key legal considerations for travellers in Turkey, updated as of 2025.

Local Laws & Restrictions

  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking, including lengthy prison sentences. Even small quantities can lead to criminal charges.
  • Alcohol & Smoking:
    • Public intoxication is frowned upon.
    • Smoking banned in indoor public spaces.
  • Cultural Sensitivities: Avoid discussing the Kurdish issue or Armenian history unless invited.
  • LGBTIQ+ Rights: Same-sex relationships are legal, but same-sex marriage is not recognized. Public displays of affection may attract unwanted attention.
  • Photography: Restricted near military sites or critical infrastructure. Always ask permission for portraits of locals.

Duty-Free Limits

  • Alcohol: 1L spirits | Tobacco: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars.
  • Cash: Declare amounts over €10,000 (or equivalent).

Prohibited Items

  • Narcotics, weapons, endangered species products.
  • Counterfeit goods (may face fines or confiscation).

Luggage Issues

  • Report lost/damaged luggage within 21 days via a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport.

Complaints

  • Submit grievances to the Tourism Office Inspectorate or Customer Protection Commission.

Beach Access

  • Public beaches must allow free access within 2.5 meters of the shoreline. Wheelchair access is legally mandated.

Key Resources

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Turkey Travel Safety

Turkey is generally safe for travellers, with low crime rates and a reputation for hospitality. However, travellers should remain aware of health precautions, road safety, and emergency protocols. Below is a concise guide to staying safe and healthy in Turkey.

Safety Overview

  • Crime: Petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing) is rare but possible in crowded areas like markets or public transport in Istanbul or Ankara. Violent crime against tourists is extremely uncommon.
  • Solo/Female Travelers: Turkey is considered safe, with locals often going out of their way to assist visitors. Avoid isolated areas at night.
  • Road Safety:
    • Driving can be challenging due to aggressive drivers and poor rural road conditions.
    • Avoid night driving in mountainous areas.
    • Seat belts and helmets (for motorbikes) are mandatory.

Health Risks

  • Food/Water Safety:
    • Avoid tap water; drink bottled water.
    • Practice safe eating habits to prevent travellers’ diarrhea.
  • Vaccinations:
    • Recommended: Hepatitis A, tetanus, COVID-19, and rabies (for long-term stays).
    • Yellow Fever: Required only if arriving from a risk country.
  • Insect-Borne Diseases:
    • Use insect repellent to guard against West Nile virus and tick-borne illnesses.
  • Altitude Sickness:
    • Risk exists in areas above 2,500 meters (e.g., Mount Ararat). Ascend gradually and stay hydrated.

Medical Facilities

  • Hospitals: Private facilities like Acıbadem in Istanbul or Medicana in Ankara offer higher standards. Rural areas often lack advanced care.
  • Pharmacies: Available in cities but carry essential medications.
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes medical evacuation.

Emergency Contacts

  • General Emergency: 112 (works for police, ambulance, and fire).
  • Ambulance: 112 | Fire: 110 | Police: 155.
  • Tourist Police (Istanbul): +90 212 527 45 03.

Travel Tips

  • Roads: Rent a 4x4 for rural/mountainous areas. Check insurance coverage for rentals.
  • Hiking: Use local guides for remote trails (e.g., Cappadocia or Kaçkar Mountains).
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Avoid discussing Kurdish or Armenian issues.
  • Air Quality: Pollution can be high in Istanbul; monitor via the World Air Quality Index: https://www.waqi.info/.

Key Links

Flying to Turkey

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