Kazakhstan

The Land of Steppes
and Eternal Horizons

Flag of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, the largest country in Central Asia, is known for its vast steppes, towering mountains, and rich nomadic heritage. Its capital, Astana (now Nur-Sultan), showcases futuristic architecture, while Almaty, the cultural hub, sits near snow-capped mountains.

Kazakhstan's culture is deeply rooted in traditions of horseback riding, falconry, and hospitality. The cuisine reflects this nomadic past, with dishes like beshbarmak (boiled meat with noodles) and kymyz (fermented mare's milk). With its diverse landscapes ranging from deserts to alpine regions, Kazakhstan offers a unique blend of modernity and ancient traditions.

Travel Documents

Documents

Toll

Driving

Currency

Laws

Legal

Safety

Flights

Travel Documents

Travel Documents: What You Need to Know

Passport Requirements

  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: A valid passport is generally required for entry into Kazakhstan.
  • Passport validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 3 months beyond your planned stay in Kazakhstan.

Visa Requirements

  • Visa-exempt countries: Citizens from countries like Russia, Ukraine, and certain CIS nations can enter Kazakhstan with a valid passport and stay for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa (under the Eurasian Economic Union agreement or bilateral agreements).
  • Visa-required countries: Travelers from nations outside the visa-exempt list must possess a valid passport and obtain a visa prior to entering Kazakhstan.

Special Entry Provisions

  • Holders of valid, multiple-entry Schengen visas (previously used in a Schengen state) do not automatically qualify for visa-free entry unless specified by Kazakhstan’s visa policy.
  • Citizens with valid, multiple-entry US or UK visas (previously used in the issuing country) do not automatically qualify for visa-free entry unless specified.
  • Holders of valid residence permits from Schengen states, the US, or the UK do not automatically qualify for visa-free entry unless specified.

ID Card Entry
The following citizens can enter Kazakhstan using only a valid national ID card:

  • None (Kazakhstan does not currently allow entry with national ID cards; a passport is required for all foreign nationals).

Visa Types

  • Type "C" Visa: Allows entry and stay for 90 days within 180 days. Can be single, double, or multiple entry, with validity up to 1 year.
  • Type "D" Visa: For stays longer than 90 days within 180 days. Valid for one year with a 90-day stay period, allowing application for a residence permit.

Important Links

Additional Considerations

  • Length of stay: Visa-free stays are typically limited to 90 days within a 180-day period.
  • Purpose of visit: Different rules may apply for work, study, or long-term stays.
  • COVID-19 measures: Always check for current health-related entry requirements or restrictions at https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/covid-19/.
Toll

Driving in Kazakhstan

Current Toll Roads
As of 2025, there are no major toll roads in Kazakhstan, but tolls may apply on specific bridges or highways, such as:

  • Astana-Almaty Highway: Potential toll sections near major cities.

Toll Rates and Payment

  • Toll rates vary based on vehicle type and distance traveled. For the most current rates, visit the official Kazakh Road Committee website: https://www.kzdorogi.kz/
  • Payment Methods:
    • Cash: Kazakh Tenge (KZT) is accepted at toll booths.
    • Credit/Debit Cards: Major cards are accepted at most toll points.
    • Electronic Toll Collection: An e-toll system is being piloted. Check https://egov.kz/ for updates.

Driving in Kazakhstan

  • Drive on the right side of the road.
  • Seat belts are mandatory for all vehicle occupants.
  • Speed limits:
    • Urban areas: 60 km/h
    • Rural roads: 90 km/h
    • Highways: 110 km/h
  • Road conditions: Vary; exercise caution, especially on rural or desert roads.
  • International Driving Permit (IDP): Recommended alongside your national driver’s license.

Important Considerations

  • Vignette System: Kazakhstan is considering implementing a vignette system for road use. Check https://www.kzdorogi.kz/ for the latest information.
  • Road Safety: Remain vigilant, especially at night or in remote areas.
  • GPS and Maps: While GPS is generally reliable, keep an updated physical map as a backup.
  • Emergency Number: Dial 112 for emergencies.

Useful Links

Kazakhstan Currency

Official Currency
The official currency of Kazakhstan is the Kazakh Tenge (KZT).

Key Information

  • Banknotes: 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000 Tenge
  • Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Tenge
  • Symbol: ₸

Currency Exchange

  • Exchange services available at banks, airports, and major hotels.
  • ATMs widely available in urban areas for direct Tenge withdrawals.

Payment Methods

  • Cash is preferred, especially in rural areas.
  • Credit/debit cards accepted in cities, hotels, and larger establishments.

Travel Tips

  • Inform your bank of travel plans.
  • Carry some cash for small purchases and rural areas.
  • Check for currency conversion fees when using cards.
  • For current exchange rates, visit the National Bank of Kazakhstan website: https://www.nationalbank.kz/
Laws

Legal Essentials for Traveling in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is generally safe for travelers, with low crime rates and a reputation for hospitality; however, understanding local laws and regulations is crucial for a safe and compliant visit. Below are key legal considerations for travelers in Kazakhstan, updated as of 2025.

Local Laws & Restrictions

  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking, including lengthy prison sentences. Even small quantities can lead to criminal charges.
  • Alcohol & Smoking:
    • Public intoxication is frowned upon and may result in fines.
    • Smoking banned in indoor public spaces.
  • Cultural Sensitivities: Avoid discussing sensitive political topics, especially those related to Kazakhstan-Russia relations or domestic politics.
  • LGBTIQ+ Rights: Same-sex relationships are legal but not widely accepted. Public displays of affection may attract unwanted attention or legal issues.
  • Photography: Restricted near military sites, government buildings, or critical infrastructure. Always ask permission for portraits of locals.

Duty-Free Limits

  • Alcohol: 1L spirits | Tobacco: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars.
  • Cash: Declare amounts over $10,000 USD (or equivalent).

Prohibited Items

  • Narcotics, weapons, endangered species products.
  • Counterfeit goods (may face fines or confiscation).

Luggage Issues

  • Report lost/damaged luggage within 21 days via a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport.

Complaints

  • Submit grievances to the Kazakh Tourism Association or Consumer Protection Agency: https://www.kt.kz/

Beach Access

  • Public beaches (e.g., along the Caspian Sea coast) must allow free access within designated zones. Wheelchair access is legally mandated.

Key Resources

Kazakhstan Travel Safety

Kazakhstan is generally safe for travelers, with low crime rates and a reputation for hospitality; however, travelers should remain aware of health precautions, road safety, and emergency protocols. Below is a concise guide to staying safe and healthy in Kazakhstan.

Safety Overview

  • Crime: Petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing) is rare but possible in crowded areas like Almaty’s markets or public transport. Violent crime against tourists is extremely uncommon.
  • Solo/Female Travelers: Kazakhstan is considered safe, with locals often helpful. Avoid isolated areas at night.
  • Road Safety:
    • Driving can be challenging due to heavy traffic in cities and poor rural road conditions.
    • Avoid night driving in remote or desert areas.
    • Seat belts and helmets (for motorbikes) are mandatory.

Health Risks

  • Food/Water Safety: Avoid tap water; drink bottled water. Practice safe eating habits to prevent travelers’ diarrhea.
  • Vaccinations: Recommended: Hepatitis A, tetanus, COVID-19, and typhoid (for long-term stays).
  • Yellow Fever: Required only if arriving from a risk country.
  • Insect-Borne Diseases: Use insect repellent to guard against tick-borne illnesses.
  • Altitude Sickness: Risk exists in areas above 2,500 meters (e.g., Altai Mountains). Ascend gradually and stay hydrated.

Medical Facilities

  • Hospitals: Private facilities like Astana Medical Center in Nur-Sultan offer higher standards. Rural areas often lack advanced care.
  • Pharmacies: Available in cities but carry essential medications.
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes medical evacuation.

Emergency Contacts

  • General Emergency: 112 (works for police, ambulance, and fire).
  • Ambulance: 103 | Fire: 101 | Police: 102.
  • Tourist Police (Almaty): +7 727 272 7007.

Travel Tips

  • Roads: Rent a 4x4 for rural/desert areas. Check insurance coverage for rentals.
  • Hiking: Use local guides for remote trails (e.g., Tian Shan Mountains).
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Avoid discussing sensitive political or historical issues.
  • Air Quality: Pollution can be high in Almaty; monitor via the World Air Quality Index.

Key Links

Flying to Kazakhstan

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